UI5's unified test tech stack

vobu · ‎2023 Oct 19

Since many moons, karma was the go-to testrunner for executing Unit- and Integration-tests of UI5 applications. For end-to-end tests, wdi5 has become the default tool.

With karma being deprecated, a void opened for a successor for running QUnit- and OPA-tests within the existing UI5 test tech stack - until wdio-qunit-service arrived, allowing you to run Unit-, Integration- and end-to-end tests on the same stack.

🔥 clone yourself this sample repo https://github.com/vobu/ui5-unified-test-stack, npm i && npm run test and see for yourself ✌️

"QUnit service" replaces `karma`

wdio-qunit-service is the awesome work by longtime community member Mauricio Lauffer. As Mauricio puts it himself in the README, "QUnit Service is a drop-in replacement for those using Karma JS to run their QUnit tests".

It is the same way a Webdriver.IO-extension as wdi5, following the respective naming convention:

wdio-qunit-service → human readable "QUnit Service"

wdio-ui5-service → human readable "wdi5"

Both "services" extend Webdriver.IO with UI5-specific functionality - "QUnit Service" for running Unit- and Integration-tests, wdi5 for running end-to-end tests.

Don't be fooled by neither the technical service name wdio-qunit-service, nor by "QUnit service" - the Webdriver.IO-extension is perfectly capable of running OPA tests as well, as they are based on QUnit!

With both services using Webdriver.IO, the UI5 test tech stack gets harmonised by eliminating the karma dependency and using the same test runner for executing all Unit-, Integration- and end-to-end tests.

By the way: migration from karma to "Qunit Service" is as easy declaring qunit as a required service in the config file and putting a 7 (!) lines of JS code in a .test.(j|t)s file.

No believe?

Either look at the sample repo source (config file, test file) or follow along here, as we embark on a journey of creating

a UI5 app from scratch

installing wdi5 and "QUnit Service"

migrating the Unit- and Integration-Tests

...all in under 15 minutes.

Even if you're a slow typer, promised.

Challenge: UI5 app and unified test stack in less than 15 minutes

Let's go 🏃🏃🏃!

Open a terminal:

$> yo easy-ui5 app

and answer to the prompts.

(yes, I'll wait)

...

Done? Good.

Install wdi5 in the directory your app was created in:

$> cd <your app dir>

$> npm init wdi5@latest

(yes, I'll wait again)

This creates a wdi5 config for you at webapp/test/e2e/wdio.conf.js- which in turn is a Webdriver.IO-config file that can be re-used for executing the QUnit- and OPA-tests via wdio-qunit-service!

Copy webapp/test/e2e/wdio.conf.js to the unit test folder webapp/test/unit/.

Add qunit to the services array in ~line 134: services: ["ui5", "qunit"] of webapp/test/unit/wdio.conf.js.

exports.config = {

    // ...

    services: ["ui5", "qunit"],

    // ...

}

Create a new file webapp/test/unit/unitTests.test.js with this content:

describe("QUnit test page", () => {

    it("should pass QUnit tests", async () => {

        await browser.url("http://localhost:8080/test/unit/unitTests.qunit.html");

        const qunitResults = await browser.getQUnitResults();

        expect(qunitResults).toBeTruthy();

    });

});

(Excerpt: what does this do? It is taken straight from the QUnit Service documentation. And it starts the browser configured in webapp/test/unit/wdio.conf.js (here: Chrome), opens the URL http://localhost:8080/test/unit/unitTests.qunit.html, and waits for the Unit Tests to run and finish via await browser.getQUnitResults())

You end up with this dir/file structure:

.

└── webapp

    └── test

        ├── e2e

        │   ├── sample.test.js

        │   └── wdio.conf.js

        └── unit

            ├── unitTests.test.js

            └── wdio.conf.js

Now, head back to the terminal.

Run $> npm start for starting the UI5 app.

Open a second terminal, run $> npx wdio run ./webapp/test/unit/wdio.conf.js ...
...and marvel at UI5's QUnit tests running with Webdriver.IO.

With the help of "Qunit Service", on the same tech base as wdi5.

And with the same configuration file.

Webdriver.IO and wdio-qunit-service running Unit tests

💣

Clean up + porting integration test runner

We could end here. But now that we've seen that the same config file can be re-used for Unit-, Integration- and end-to-end tests, let's exactly do this:

Copy webapp/test/unit/wdio.conf.js into webapp/test/ and name it wdio.conf.shared.js.

Then put a dedicated wdio.conf.{e2e,integration,unit}.js into each respective folder.

With the contents of each being the same:

const { config } = require("../wdio.conf.shared");

exports.config = config;

This requires the shared file, would allow for on-the-fly config changes, and exports it again.

So the directory/file structure now looks like:

.

└── webapp

    └── test

        ├── e2e

        │   └── wdio.conf.e2e.js

        ├── integration

        │   └── wdio.conf.integration.js

        ├── unit        

        │   └── wdio.conf.unit.js

        └── wdio.conf.shared.js

Create a file for running the OPA integration tests with wdio-qunit-service / wdio the same way as it is for the QUnit unit tests:

webapp/test/integration/integrationTests.test.js:

describe("QUnit test page", () => {

    it("should pass QUnit tests", async () => {

        await browser.url(

            "http://localhost:8080/test/integration/opaTests.qunit.html"

        );

        const qunitResults = await browser.getQUnitResults();

        expect(qunitResults).toBeTruthy();

    });

});

So our test- and config-file tree looks like:

.

└── webapp

    ├── test

    │   ├── e2e

    │   │   ├── sample.test.js

    │   │   └── wdio.conf.e2e.js

    │   ├── integration

    │   │   ├── integrationTests.test.

    │   │   └── wdio.conf.integration.js

    │   ├── unit

    │   │   ├── unitTests.test.js

    │   │   └── wdio.conf.unit.js

    │   └── wdio.conf.shared.js

    └── view

Spice up package.json with npm scripts for running each test scope:

{

//...

    "scripts": {

    //...

        "test:unit": "wdio run ./webapp/test/unit/wdio.conf.unit.js",

        "test:integration": "wdio run ./webapp/test/integration/wdio.conf.integration.js",

        "test:e2e": "npm run wdi5",

        "wdi5": "wdio run ./webapp/test/e2e/wdio.conf.e2e.js"

    }

//...

}

Now you have

Unit tests (QUnit)

Integration tests (OPA)

end-to-end tests (wdi5)

all running on the same tech stack (Webdriver.IO)!

Thanks to Mauricio's awesome work on wdio-qunit-service !

Is this the official UI5 approach for running tests on a unified test stack?

No. Not yet 😄.

From an architectural point of view, it makes a lot of sense - single test runner, fewer module dependencies, reduced technical debt.

From a business perspective, it makes a lot of sense - Webdriver.IO is community-owned and will not go away by the decision of a single company. Both wdio-qunit-service and wdi5 are Open Source and permit commercial use with their Apache 2.0 license.

From a developer perspective, it makes a lot of sense - keep on writing QUnit- and OPA-tests as it always was, re-use the same test-runner as for wdi5-tests.

From the SAP perspective, it makes a lot of sense - as it once again proves that a cooperation with the community enables quicker innovation.

Everybody wins. Heck yeah 🍾 💪