Naming Conventions

[Former Member]

Hi ,

Are there any Naming Conventions for ABAP program given by SAP itself.

Thanks in Advance

[Former Member]

Hi Chandra,

The naming convention will be set by company/client. They will give us a document on Naming conventions and standards.We will follows those standards. Generally a naming convention will briefly describes about your object in R/3. It tells you the information like the module, type of application(report,transaction or module pool programming) etc.

Generally all custom objects will start either with Y or Z and the module (V-sales,F-Finance) and kind of application(REPT-Report,LO-layout,DP-driver program etc...)

Check this link for naming conventions.

http://www.sappro.com/downloads/SAPNamingConventions.pdf

You can do something like this.

The maximum length of an ABAP program name (SE38) is 30 characters.

Format: ZZ AA T XXXXXX

1-2 ZZ Required

3-4 A Application prefix

5 T Program type

B Functional batch

C Conversion

D Document

E Enhancement

I Inbound Interface

M Include module

O Outbound Interface

R Report

S System

T SAPScript

6-30 Description

Regards,

KK

[Former Member]

hi sekhar,

yes there are certain coding standards and naming conventions are there you have to follow.

Naming Conventions in ABAP Objects

Global classes and interfaces that you create in the Class Builder are stored in the class library and administered by the R/3 Repository: they therefore have the same namespace as all other Repository objects (database tables, structures, data elements, and so on).

It is therefore necessary to have naming conventions for object types and their components and to use them uniformly within program development.

The following naming convention has been conceived for use within the SAP namespace:

If you do not observe the naming conventions for object types (classes and interfaces), conflicts will occur when the system creates persistent classes, since it will be unable to generate the necessary co-classes.

Namespace for Components

A single namespace within a class is shared by:

All components of the class itself (attributes, methods, events, constructors, interfaces, internal data types in the class, and aliases)

All public and protected components of the superclasses of the class.

Method implementation has a local namespace. The names of the local variables can obscure those of class components.

Naming Convention

The naming convention has been kept as general as possible to avoid adversely influencing the naming of objects.

General Remarks

When you choose names for development objects, you should:

Use English names

Use glossary terms when possible

For example, CL_COMPANY_CODE instead of BUKRS

In compound names, use the underscore character (_) as a separator. Since names are not case-sensitive, this is the only character that you can use to separate names.

Example: CL_COMPANY_CODE, CL_GENERAL_LEDGER_ACCOUNT

Names should describe the action, not the implementation of the action.

Example: PRINT_RECTANGLE, not RECTANGLE_TO_SPOOL

Conventions for Object Types

Class and interface names in the class library belong to the same namespace as data elements, tables, structures, and types. They are maintained centrally in table TADIR.

Class in the class library

CL_<class name>

The class name should be made up of singular nouns.

CL_COMPANY_CODE, CL_GENERAL_LEDGER_ACCOUNT

Interfaces in the class library

IF_<interface name>

The same naming convention applies to interfaces as to classes.

IF_STATUS_MANAGEMANT, IF_CHECKER

Local classes in programs

(recommendation)

LCL_<class name>

The class name should be made up of singular nouns.

LCL_TREE_MANAGEMENT

Local interfaces in programs

(recommendation)

LIF_<interface name>

The sane naming convention applies to interfaces as to classes.

LIF_PRINTER

Recommended naming conventions are not compulsory. However, if you use prefixes for these class and interface names, you should use those listed above.

Conventions for Components

Method name

<method name>

Method names should begin with a verb:

GET_STATUS, CREATE_ORDER, DETERMINE_PRICE

Events

<event name>

Event names should have the form

<noun>_<participle>:

BUTTON_PUSHED, COMPANY_CODE_CHANGED, BUSINESS_PARTNER_PRINTED

Local type definitions within a class

(recommendation)

TY_<type name>

TY_INTERNAL_TYPE, TY_TREE_LIST

Data definitions (variables)

<variable name>

When you name variables within a class (CLASS-DATA or DATA), avoid using verbs at the beginning of the name (to avoid conflicts with method names).

LINE_COUNT, MARK_PRINTED, MARK_CHANGED, STATUS

Data definitions (constants)

(recommendation)

CO_<constant name>

CO_MAX_LINE, CO_DEFAULT_STATUS, CO_DEFAULT_WIDTH, CO_MAX_ROWS

Recommended naming conventions are not compulsory. However, if you use prefixes for these class and interface names, you should use those listed above..

Concrete Method Descriptions

Attribute access

SET_<attribute name>, GET_<attribute name>

Methods that access attributes of any kind should be prefaced with GET_ or SET_.

GET_STATUS, SET_USE_COUNT

Event handler methods

ON_<event name>

Methods that handle events should begin with ON, followed by the name of the event that they handle.

ON_BUTTON_PUSHED, ON_BUSINESS_PARTNER_PRINTED

Methods that perform type conversions

AS_<new type>

AS_STRING, AS_ISOCODE

Methods that return a Boolean value

These methods may not return any exceptions.

Recommendation: Use SPACE and 'X' to represent false and true respectively.

IS_<adjective>

IS_OPEN, IS_EMPTY, IS_ACTIVE

Check methods

CHECK_<objective>

CHECK_AUTHORIZATION, CHECK_PROCESS_DATE

Local Conventions Within Methods

For parameters

The parameters are regarded from the point of view of the method that implements them:

IMPORTING parameters

IM_<parameter name>

EXPORTING parameters

EX_<parameter name>

CHANGING parameters

CH_<parameter name>

RESULT

RE_<result>

Using prefixes is NOT compulsory. However, if you do use them, use those listed above.

For exceptions

The following table contains a series of possible exception names, that can also be used generically (for example, NOT_FOUND could also be used as DATE_NOT_FOUND)

EXCEPTION

Meaning

ACTION_NOT_SUPPORTED

The requested action or function code is not supported.

CANCELLED

If a method uses a dialog to find out what has to be dome (for example, a list of choices), and the user chooses "Cancel", you can set this exception.

EXISTING

A new object that you want to create already exists in the database.

FAILED

The method could not be executed because of the current environment. This exception is intended for cases where the method cannot be executed because of variable system circumstances.

..._FAILED

Part of the method could not be completed because of the current environment. (OPEN_FAILED, CLOSE_FAILED, SELECTION_FAILED, AUTHORIZATION_FAILED)

FOREIGN_LOCK

Data is locked by another user.

INCONSISTENT

Object data in the database is inconsistent.

..._INCONSISTENT

The component data for … of an object in the database is inconsistent.

INVALID

The object data entered is incorrect (for example, company code does not exist). Compare NOT_QUALIFIED.

..._INVALID

The component data entered for an object is incorrect. Compare NOT_QUALIFIED.

INTERNAL_ERROR

Last resort. Only use this exception if you cannot be more precise about the nature of the error.

NOT_AUTHORIZED

The user does not have the required authorization.

NOT_CUSTOMIZED

The object requested is not correctly customized.

..._NOT_CUSTOMIZED

The component … of the requested object is not correctly customized.

NOT_FOUND

Unable to find the requested object.

..._NOT_FOUND

Unable to find component … of the requested object.

NOT_QUALIFIED

The combination of input parameters is insufficient to run the method. Compare INVALID.

..._NOT_QUALIFIED

One parameter of the method is not qualified.

NUMBER_ERROR

Error assigning a number.

SYSTEM_ERROR

This exception is set if the Basis system returns an unexpected error message.

Naming Conventions

Variable Names

Selection options = S_

Internal tables (global) = GT_

Internal tables (local) = LT_

Constants = GC_

Constants (local) = LC_

Ranges (global) = GR__

Ranges (local) = LR_

Form parameter (Used in the actual form not the Perform statement.)

Single value or variable = PV_

Single structure or record(however complicated) = PS_

Internal table(however complicated the line structure) = PT_

Locally defined classes = LCL_

Locally defined interfaces = LIF_

Screen Parameters = A_ or P_

Program & Function Group Names

http://web.mit.edu/fss/dev/devstand5.html#ABAP Reports & Appendix B

http://web.mit.edu/fss/dev/devstand5.html#Function Groups & Appendix B

http://web.mit.edu/fss/dev/devstand5.html#Function Modules & Appendix B

http://web.mit.edu/fss/dev/devstand5.html#Module Pools (Dialog Programs)

ABAP programs (reports), function groups and module pools all use a 2 character application name abbreviation. The list of current M.I.T. applications will be maintained in Appendix B.

III. Attributes

Authorization Group in attributes - Programs that can be executed by all MIT users must be configured using the Authorization Group 'ZOPN2ALL' for Application '*'.

Development Class needs to be application specific. This standard is a work in process.

Unicode Check Active is check-marked.

IV. Function Modules

Function Module interface parameters

The first letter should indicate the direction in which the parameter was passed:

Input or importing = I

Output or exporting = E

Bi-directional or changing = C

The second letter should indicate the nature of the formal parameter:

Single value or variable = V

Single structure or record(however complicated) = S

Internal table(however complicated the line structure) = T

Interface tables for a Function module should be defined as TYPE Table.

V. RFC for Web Applications

Names within structures used in an RFC interface and parameter names should be in English and not German. (e.g., COMPANY_CODE not BUKRS)

RFCs that perform searches on descriptive type text (e.g., Names or Description) must implement the IDD team's standard on how such searches should behave. This can be accomplished by utilizing the function module Z_UT_SPLIT_SEARCH_TERMS which builds a range table to be used in the select statement or table to be used in a string comparison.

No special conversions should be done on Date, Time, Integer or Decimal fields. JavaEE can and should handle all data types.

Since SAP centric data rules can change via SAP configuration, data massaging should be done in the RFC and neither the end user nor the JavaEE developer should worry about SAP centric formatting. For instance, before a G/L Account is sent to the web leading zeros should be stripped. When it comes from the web and before it is used to update SAP the leading zeros should be put back. This includes fields that don't always have appropriate SAP exit routines such as Profit Center. Z_CA_CONVERT_PROFITCENTR_INPUT can be used to properly massage Profit Center data entered via web.

When ABAP EXCEPTIONS are raised the default behavior in our web applications is to send the user to a "fail" page where the displayed message will include the EXCEPTION and the EXCEPTION short text. Therefore if a custom MIT RFC implements an EXCEPTION, the name and short text for the EXCEPTION should be informative (e.g., SAFO_AUTHORIZATION_ERROR: You are not authorized for any SAFO report). If the developers do not want the web application to send the user to the "fail" page, the RFC developer should either inform the Java developer that the exception should be handled with an exception handler or the RFC developer should use a BAPIRET2 structure to hold the error, its message and its variables.

Use a table type of BAPIRET2 for building all error message tables (e.g., BAPIRET2_T). If another structure is used and it does not contain the same column names of interest (TYPE, MESSAGE, ID, NUMBER, MESSAGE_V1, MESSAGE_V2, MESSAGE_V3, MESSAGE_V4), the Java developer must be informed and special code will need to be written to handle the different structure.

Since there are times an error message sent from an RFC must be overridden by the web application make sure all these BAPIRET2 fields are appropriately populated (TYPE, MESSAGE, ID, NUMBER, MESSAGE_V1, MESSAGE_V2, MESSAGE_V3, MESSAGE_V4).

Since our web utility tool, mortar 4.10 & higher, will appear in all of our future SAP web applications and it is working with an error table named ET_RETURN, this name is a reserved name for error messages tables.

If a developer uses a name for their errors other than ET_RETURN or ET_MESSAGES, they should tell the JavaEE developer so that the new name can be configured. Then this new name cannot be used for anything other than errors by any other RFC being called by that web application.

If a developer uses the name ET_MESSAGES for anything other than error messages they should tell the JavaEE developer so that this name is removed from the application's default configuration.

For performance reasons, IMPORT/EXPORT or CHANGE parameters should never be defined as TYPE table for RFCs.

VI. Return Codes

Test return codes (sy-subrc) for success and failure after any I/O and calls to function modules (database selects, internal table reads, call transactions, I/O to UNIX or workstation files, etc.)

VII. Transaction Code assigned to executable programs

Every type "executable program" must have an assigned transaction code which is used to execute the program.

VIII. Authorization Checks for HR custom programs

Methods to accomplish authorization checks for HR are illustrated below:

Use function module "HR_READ_INFOTYPE" instead of direct SELECT statements when reading a specific infotype.

Use logical database PNP to leverage SAP authorizations (caveat: performance can be slow).

SELECT statements should only be used when the SAP documented data interfaces which incorporate the SAP authorization checks (Logical DataBases, function modules, and BAPI's) cannot provide the functionality required. If it is necessary to use SELECT's, then you must perform your own AUTHORITY-CHECK on the data selected.

Place a strict authorization group at the program (transaction) level. If a wide variety of data for a large group of individuals is

needed in a single program, then this program must have a very strict authorization on who can run it (definitely not on any menu path).

IX. Parameter, P_BOUNCED_EMAIL, should be passed to Z_SENDMAIL

In order of preference, please provide one of the following for P_BOUNCED_EMAIL :

X. Separate Dialog Program Includes

PBO

PAI

Global data

Forms

XI. Application and Database Performance

Check each “select” statement for the use of index. This can be most easily determined using the Code Inspector, transaction SCI, which will report on any “select” statement against large tables not using as index.

Check that there is no assumed sort order after the “select” statement. Do not assume that the data will be returned in primary key order.

Code Inspector, transaction SCI, should be used to spot meaningful errors, but the reviewer should use judgment to filter out meaningless errors.

XII. Standards

Development

Quality Assurance

Change Request

Strongly Recommended Practices

I. Non Database Performance

Dead Code (Program -> Check -> Extended Prog. Check) - unused subroutines appear as warnings under PERFORM/FORM interfaces. - unused variables appear as warnings under Field attributes. Transaction code is SLIN. This will also catch literals (section III below).

When possible use MOVE instead of MOVE-CORRESPONDING (move bseg to *bseg or move t_prps[] to t_prps2[] if you want to copy entire table or t_prps to t_prps2 if you only want to copy header line.)

Code executed more than once should be placed in a form routine.

SORT and READ TABLE t_tab WITH KEY ... BINARY SEARCH when possible especially against non-buffered table (Data Dictionary -> Technical Info)

SORT tables BY fields

Avoid unnecessary moves to table header areas.

Subroutine parameters should be typed for efficiency and to help prevent coding and runtime errors.

II. Database Performanc

Avoid ORDER BY unless there is index on the columns - sort internal table instead

SELECT SINGLE when possible

SELECT fields FROM database table INTO TABLE t_tab (an internal table) - Lengthy discussion.

Views (inner join) are a fast way to access information from multiple tables. Be aware that the result set only includes rows that appear in both tables.

Use subqueries when possible.

"FOR ALL ENTRIES IN..." (outer join) are very fast but keep in the mind the special features and 3 pitfalls of using it.

(a) Duplicates are removed from the answer set as if you had specified "SELECT DISTINCT"... So unless you intend for duplicates to be deleted include the unique key of the detail line items in your select statement. In the data dictionary (SE11) the fields belonging to the unique key are marked with an "X" in the key column.

(b) If the "one" table (the table that appears in the clause FOR ALL ENTRIES IN) is empty, all rows in the "many" table (the table that appears in the SELECT INTO clause ) are selected. Therefore make sure you check that the "one" table has rows before issuing a select with the "FOR ALL ENTRIES IN..." clause.

(c) If the 'one' table (the table that appears in the clause FOR ALL ENTRIES IN) is very large there is performance degradation Steven Buttiglieri created sample code to illustrate this.

Where clause should be in order of index See example.

This is important when there are multiple indexes for a table and you want to make sure a specific index is used. This will change when we convert from a "rules based" Oracle optimizer to a "cost based" Oracle optimizer. You should be aware of a bug in Oracle, lovingly referred to as the "3rd Column Blues". Click here for more information on indexes.

Where clause should contain key fields in an appropriate db index or buffered tables. As long as we are using the Oracle Cost Based Optimizer, be aware fo the "Third Column Blues", an Oracle bug.

Avoid nested SELECTs (SELECT...ENDSELECT within another SELECT...ENDSELECT). Load data in internal tables instead. See item 3 above.

Use SQL statistical functions when possible (max, sum, ...)

Delete all rows from a table. A where clause is mandatory. Specifying the client is the most efficient way.

Put Check statements into where clause - caveat: Make sure that the index is still being used after you add the additional selection criteria. If the select statement goes from using an index to doing a db scan (reading each row in the database without going through an index) get it out of the where clause and go back to using "Check"!

III. Literals

Codes ('MD') should use contants (c_medical)

Longer text should use text elements. Sample code is a good example because it uses the text element in conjunction with the hard coded text. This documents the text element and provides for the possibility of multi-language support.

IV. Miscellaneous

Use CASE statement instead of IF...ELSEIF when possible (It is only possible in equality tests)

Nested If - encounter most likely to fail first (specific to general)

And - encounter most likely to fail first (specific to general)

OR's - encounter most likely to succeed first (general to specific)

Variables should use Like when possible

Subroutine usage - don't place decision to execute in the subroutine

If not ( t_prps[] is initial ) (instead of describe table t_prps lines sy-tfill, if sy-tfill > 0...)

New document types confirmed with the configuration team via MIT-ABAP mail list prior to coding a report to access the data.

Dates need to be properly formatted using the user's default settings. For the explanation of the BDC example check out the developer's standards.

thanks

karthik

<REMOVED BY MODERATOR>

Edited by: Alvaro Tejada Galindo on Apr 9, 2008 5:54 PM

[Former Member]

Hmmm.. I think we should also put the URL of the website where we took our answers.. ^_

[Former Member]

Hi Chandra,

There are few naming conventions provided by SAP for standard programs and our programs.

Customer Specific Programs always start with -- Y or Z.

SAP standard programs have name starting with all other letter except Y and Z.

Generally programs with Y are test programs and Z are customer specific programs.

Hope this is helpful.

Regards,

Chandra Sekhar

[Former Member]

Hi,

Regading The naming

Sap Has their own Standard Convention.

For Customer Object name should start with

YY or ZZ unless Conflict occur with SAp Standard Object.

Few customer have their Own naming Standard Provided the SAP Iteself.

Pls Follow the below link for SAP Standard Program Naming Conventions-

[http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/92/c2b084bc1d11d2958700a0c94260a5/content.htm]

2.

[http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/92/c2b084bc1d11d2958700a0c94260a5/content.htm]

Revert back if any confusion.

Regards,

Sujit

[Former Member]

HI chandra....

Check this out..

[http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/92/c2b084bc1d11d2958700a0c94260a5/content.htm]

Best of luck,

Bhumika

[Former Member]

Hi sekhar,

check the link below, u will get the entire SAP naming conventions...

http://www.sappro.com/downloads/SAPNamingConventions.pdf

With luck,

Pritam.

[Former Member]

hi chandra,

http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/92/c2b084bc1d11d2958700a0c94260a5/content.htm

Regards

sravanthi.

[Former Member]

Hi Chandra Sekhar,

In addition to our friends information i would like to specify you one more thing...

Generally In Real time systems Naming conventions of ABAP WORKBENCH are specified in TABLE/VIEW

CTSRESNAME....

And apart from this our friends had given you necessary information...

Regards

Narin Nandivada.