triggering idoc

[Former Member]

hi,

i have one transctional data table. if i add entries in that table through table maintanance generator, for every new record it has to trigger one new idoc. is it possible?

thanks in advance.

krishna.

[Former Member]

IDoc Types:

IDoc type structure can consist of several segments, and each segment can consist of several data fields. The IDoc structure defines the syntax of the data by specifying a list of permitted segments and arrangement of the segments. Segments define a set of fields and their format.

An IDoc is an instance of an IDoc Type and consists of three types of records.

i. One Control record: each IDoc has only one control record. The control record contains all the control information about an IDoc, including the IDoc number, the sender and recipient information, and information such as the message type it represents and IDoc type. The control record structure is same for all IDocs.

ii. One or Many Data records: An IDoc can have multiple data records, as defined by the IDoc structure. Segments translate into data records, which store application data, such as purchase order header information and purchase order detail lines.

iii. One or Many Status records: An IDoc can have multiple status records. Status record helps to determine whether an IDoc has any error.

Message in IDoc Type:

A Message represents a specific type of document transmitted between two partners.

Outbound Process in IDocs:

Outbound process used the following components to generate an IDoc. A customer model, and IDoc structure, selection programs, filter objects, conversion rules, a port definition, an RFC destination, a partner profile, service programs, and configuration tables.

The Customer Model:

A customer model is used to model a distribution scenario. In a customer model, you identify the systems involved in a distribution scenario and the message exchanged between the systems.

Message control:

Message control is a cross application technology used in pricing, account determination, material determination, and output determination. The output determination technique of Message control triggers the ALE for a business document. Message control separates the logic of generating IDocs from the application logic.

Change Pointers:

The change pointers technique is based on the change document technique, which tracks changes made to key documents in SAP, such as the material master, customer master and sales order.

Changes made to a document are recorded in the change document header table CDHDR, and additional change pointers are written in the BDCP table for the changes relevant to ALE.

IDoc Structure:

A message is defined for data that is exchanged between two systems. The message type is based on one or more IDoc structures.

Selection Program:

Is typically implemented as function modules, are designed to extract application data and create a master IDoc. A selection program exists for each message type. A selection program’s design depends on the triggering mechanism used in the process.

Filter Objects;

Filter Objects remove unwanted data for each recipient of the data basing on the recipients requirement.

Port Definition:

A port is used in an outbound process to define the medium in which documents are transferred to the destination system. ALE used a Transactional RFC port, which transfers data in memory buffers.

RFC Destination:

The RFC destination is a logical name used to define the characteristics of a communication link to a remote system on which a function needs to be executed.

Partner Profile:

A partner profile specifies the components used in an outbound process(logical name of the remote SAP system, IDoc Type, message type, TRFC port), an IDoc’s packet size, the mode in which the process sends an IDoc (batch versus immediate), and the person to be notified in case of error.

Service Programs and Configuration Tables:

The outbound process, being asynchronous, is essentially a sequence of several processes that work together. SAP provides service programs and configuration tables to link these programs and provide customizing options for an outbound process.

Process flow for Distributing Transactional Data:

Transactional data is distributed using two techniques: with Message control and without message control.

Process flow for Distributing Master Data:

Master data between SAP systems is distributed using two techniques: Stand alone Programs and Change Pointers.

Triggering the Outbound Process via Stand-Alone Programs:

Stand-Alone programs are started explicitly by a user to transmit data from one SAP system to another. Standard Programs for several master data objects exist in SAP. Ex. The material master data can be transferred using the RBDSEMAT program or transaction BD10.

The stand-alone programs provide a selection screen to specify the objects to be transferred and the receiving system. After the stand-alone program is executed, it calls the IDoc selection program with the specified parameters.

Triggering the Outbound Process via Change Pointers:

The change pointer technique is used to initiate the outbound process automatically when master data is created or changed.

A standard program, RBDMIDOC, is scheduled to run on a periodic basis to evaluate the change pointers for a message type and start the ALE process for distributing the master data to the appropriate destination. The RBDMIDOC program reads the table TBDME to determine the IDoc selection program for a message type.

Processing in the Application Layer:

The customer distribution model is consulted to make sure that a receiver has been defined for the message to be transmitted. If not, processing ends. If at least one receiver exists, the IDoc selection program reads the master data object from the database and creates a master IDoc from it. The master IDoc is stored in memory. The program then calls the ALE service layer by using the function module MASTER_IDOC_DISTRIBUTE, passing the master IDoc and the receiver information.

Processing in the ALE Interface Layer:

Processing in the ALE Layer consists of the following steps:

• Receiver Determination: The determination of the receiver is done through Customer Distribution Model.

• IDoc Filtering: if an IDoc filter is specified in the distribution model for a receiver, values in the filter are compared against the values in the IDoc data records. If a data record does not meet the filter criteria, it is dropped.

• Segment Filtering: For each sender and receiver combination, a set of segments that are not required can be filtered out.

• Field conversion: Field values in data records are converted by using the conversion rules specified for the segment.

• Version change for segments: Segments are version-controlled. A new version of a segment always contains fields from the preceding version and fields added for the new version. Release in IDoc type field of the partner profile to determine the version of the segment to be generated.

• Version change for IDocs: IDocs are also version controlled. The version is determined from the Basic Type field of the partner profile.

• Communication IDocs generated: The final IDoc generated for a receiver after all the conversions and filtering operations is the communication IDoc. One master IDoc can have multiple communication IDocs depending on the number of receivers identified and the filter operations performed. IDoc gets the status record with a status code of 01 (IDoc Created).

• Syntax check performed: IDoc goes through a syntax check and data integrity validation. If errors found the IDoc get the status of 26 (error during syntax check of IDoc – Outbound). If no errors found the IDoc gets the status 30 (IDoc ready for dispatch – ALE Service).

• IDoc dispatched to the communication Layer: In the ALE process, IDocs are dispatched using the asynchronous RFC method, which means that the sending system does not await for data to be received or processed on the destination system. After IDocs have been transferred to the communication layer, they get a status code 01 (Data Passed to Port OK).

Processing in the Communication Layer:

To dispatch an IDoc to a destination system, the system reads the port definition specified in the partner profile to determine the destination system, which is then used to read the RFC destination. The RFC destination contains communication settings to log o to the remote SAP system. The sending system calls the INBOUND_IDOC_PROCESS function module asynchronously on the destination system and passes the IDoc data via the memory buffers.

Inbound Process in IDocs:

An inbound process used IDoc structure, posting programs, filter objects, conversion rules, a partner profile, service programs, and configuration tables to post an application document from an IDoc.

Posting Program:

Posting programs, which are implemented as function modules, read data from an IDoc and create an application document from it. A posting program exists for each message. Each posting program is assigned a process code. A process code can point to a function module or a work flow. In the standard program process codes always point to a function module.

Ex. The posting program for message type MATMAS is IDOC_INPUT_MATMAS which has a process code MATM.

Workflow:

A workflow represents a sequence of customized steps to be carried out for a process. The workflow management system is used to model the sequence, identify information required to carry out the steps and identify the person responsible for the dialog steps.

Partner Profile;

A partner profile specifies the components used in an inbound process (partner number, message type, and process code), the mode in which IDocs are processed (batch versus immediate), and the person to be notified in case of errors.

Process flow for the Inbound process via a Function Module:

In this process, IDocs are received from another system and passed to the posting function module directly.

1. Processing in the communication Layer:

The IDOC_INBOUND_ASYCHRONOUS program, triggered as a result of an RFC from the sending system, acts as the entry point for all inbound ALE processes. The IDoc to be processed is passed as an input parameter. Control is transferred to the ALE/EDI layer.

2. Processing in the ALE/EDI Interface Layer:

• Basic integrity check: A basic integrity check is performed on the control record.

• Segment Filtering and conversion: Filtering out unwanted segments and carry out any required conversion of field values.

• Creation of Application IDoc: The application IDoc is created and stored in the database and a syntax check is performed. If there are errors it gets status code of 60 (Error during Syntax check of IDoc – Inbound). At this point a tangible IDoc, which can be monitored via one of the monitoring transactions, is created and the IDoc gets status code 50 (IDoc Added).

• IDoc Marked ready for Dispatch: IDoc gets the status code 64 (IDoc ready to be passed to application).

• IDoc is passed to the posting program: The partner profile table is read. If the value of the Processing field is set to Process Immediately, the IDoc is passed to the posting program immediately using the program RBDAPP01.

3. Processing in the Posting Module:

The process code in the partner profile points to a posting module for the specific message in the IDoc. The posting program implemented as a function module either calls a standard SAP transaction by using the Call Transaction command for posting the document or invokes a direct input function module.

The results of execution are passed back via the function module’s output parameters. If the posting is successful IDoc gets the status code 53 (Application Document Posted) or it gets status code 51 (Error: Application Document Not Posted).

Reward Points if useful.

[Former Member]

hi sravan,

thanks for your quick response.

but i want to trigger this automatically when ever new entry is there in database table.

can you please help me on this.

thanks,

krishna.

[Former Member]

You can try it using the change pointers method.

check the below thread..

http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/dd/233d582dee11d2b422006094b9476a/content.htm

http://www.angeli.biz/www5/cookbooks/workflow/workflow_30/docu.htm

reward if helpful.

[Former Member]

Thanks