Difference between using and changing.

[Former Member]

Hi all,

can anyone differentiate b/w using and changing. please tell me is changing parametrs are output parameters. or there is some difference between output and changing parameters?

[Former Member]

Hi

USING is used for taking the parameter in to the code along with PERFORM statment and CHANGING is like returning paramter with some changed value in a PERFORM -FORM subroutine usgae.

See also this doc of Function Modules;

Function Modules are Global ABAP programs created by SAP for reusable purpose.they have IMPORT,EXPORT and TABLE parameters, and EXCEPTIONS to through when error occurs.

You can create them from TCode SE37.

Go through the following doc:

Function modules are cross-program, reusable procedures that are organized into function groups, and whose functions are implemented between the statements FUNCTION and ENDFUNCTION. Function modules and their interfaces are created in the Function Builder.

Function Module Interfaces

The parameter interface of a function module is defined in the Function Builder. It includes the definition of interface parameters and the specification of exceptions that can be triggered by a function module. The Function Builder automatically generates comment lines below the FUNCTION statement in the source code of the function module, which represent the interface of the function module with the following syntax:

Syntax

... [IMPORTING parameters]

[EXPORTING parameters]

[CHANGING parameters]

[TABLES table_parameters]

[{RAISING|EXCEPTIONS} exc1 exc2 ...]

The syntax and semantics of IMPORTING, EXPORTING, CHANGING, RAISING, and EXCEPTIONS mainly correspond to the definition of method interfaces with [CLASS-]METHODS. The additional option of defining table parameters using TABLES is obsolete.

Interface parameters

The interface parameters are defined on the relevant tab pages in the Function Builder.

IMPORTING parameters are input parameters. When the function module is called, a suitable actual parameter must be specified for every non-optional input parameter. The content of the actual parameter is passed to the input parameter when the call is made. The content of an input parameter for which 'pass by reference' is defined cannot be changed in the function module.

EXPORTING parameters are output parameters. When the function module is called, a suitable actual parameter can be specified for every output parameter. The content of an output parameter that is defined for 'pass by value' is transferred to the actual parameter if the function module is completed without errors. An output parameter that is defined for pass by reference is not initialized when the function module is called.

<b>CHANGING parameters are input and output parameters. When the function module is called, a suitable actual parameter must be specified for every non-optional input or output parameter. When the function module is called, the content of the actual parameter is passed to the input/output parameter, and when the function module is completed, the content of the input/output parameter is passed to the actual parameter.</b> TABLES parameters are table parameters. Table parameters are obsolete CHANGING parameters that are typed as standard tables with a header line. If an internal table without a header line or a table body is passed as an actual parameter to a formal parameter of this type, an empty local header line is generated in the function module. If an internal table with a header line is used as an actual parameter, both the table body and the header line are passed to the function module. Pass by value is not possible in formal parameters defined using TABLES. Formal parameters defined with TABLES can be replaced by formal parameters defined with CHANGING. A local work area can be created for the internal table in the function module by using the addition LIKE LINE OF itab of the DATA statement.

Exceptions

The exception of a function module are defined on the Exceptions tab page in the Function Builder. Here you can select exception classes to define whether class-based exceptions are declared or non-class-based exception are defined. Class-based exceptions are represented in the above syntax by RAISING, and non-class-based exceptions are represented by EXCEPTIONS.

The addition RAISING is used to declare class-based exceptions that can be propagated from the function module to the caller. Exceptions in the categories CX_STATIC_CHECK and CX_DYNAMIC_CHECK must be explicitly declared, otherwise a propagation can lead to an interface violation. A violation of the interface leads to the treatable exception CX_SY_NO_HANDLER. Exceptions of the category CX_NO_CHECK are implicitly always declared. The declaration of exceptions of the category CX_STATIC_CHECK is statically checked in the syntax check. For exceptions of the category CX_DYNAMIC_CHECK, the check is not performed until runtime. In a function module in which class-based exceptions are declared with the RAISING addition, the statement CATCH SYSTEM-EXCEPTIONS cannot be used. Instead, the relevant treatable exceptions should be handled in a TRY control structure.

The addition EXCEPTIONS is used to define a list of non-class-based exceptions that can be triggered in the function module using the statements RAISE or MESSAGE RAISING. Exceptions defined in this way - as with formal parameters - are bound to the function module and cannot be propagated. If an exception of this type is triggered in a function module, and no return value has been assigned to it with the homonymous addition EXCEPTIONS of the CALL FUNCTION statement when the call was made, this leads to a runtime error.

Note

For new developments after release 6.10, SAP recommends that you work with class-based exceptions that are independent of the function module.

RFC is a technology which is used to access a functions (Modules) from

the remote systems.

If a function module is set as remote enabled which can be access from

the remote system via RFC.Eg: U can access the Remote enabled function modules in ur VB,Webdynpro,Java,Visual composer program.

A function module can be set as remote enabled by SE37->Go to ur FM->click the option Button "remote enabled".

But Normal function modules can not accessd from the remote system.

Good Example for RFC enabled function module is : BAPI(Business Application Programming Interface)

Note: All BAPIs are Remote enabled but not all remote enabled function modules are BAPI.

CALLING A FUNCTION MODULE:

1)In U ABAP Editor --> Click "Patter" ---> Selection Option Button "Call Function"

--> Write the Corresponding FM name --> Hit Enter

2)The appropriate import ,export Parameters will be displayed in ur editor

3)Pass the Values Here.

Also check these links.

http://www.geocities.com/victorav15/sapr3/abapfun.html

Check this link:

http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2004/helpdata/en/9f/db988735c111d1829f0000e829fbfe/content.htm

http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw2004s/helpdata/en/ef/d94b78ebf811d295b100a0c94260a5/frameset.htm

http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw2004s/helpdata/en/43/41341147041806e10000000a1553f6/frameset.htm

Check this link:

http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2004/helpdata/en/9f/db988735c111d1829f0000e829fbfe/content.htm

http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw2004s/helpdata/en/ef/d94b78ebf811d295b100a0c94260a5/frameset.htm

http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw2004s/helpdata/en/43/41341147041806e10000000a1553f6/frameset.htm

See the following links:

http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2005vp/helpdata/en/9f/db970e35c111d1829f0000e829fbfe/frameset.htm

http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2005vp/helpdata/en/9f/db970e35c111d1829f0000e829fbfe/frameset.htm

http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2005vp/helpdata/en/9f/db970e35c111d1829f0000e829fbfe/frameset.htm

http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2005vp/helpdata/en/9f/db970e35c111d1829f0000e829fbfe/frameset.htm

http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2005vp/helpdata/en/9f/db970e35c111d1829f0000e829fbfe/frameset.htm

http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/26/64f623fa8911d386e70000e82011b8/content.htm

Reward points if useful

Regards

Anji

Message was edited by:

Anji Reddy Vangala

[Former Member]

Hi,

Whenever you are giving call to a FORM, the USING variables are used for operations.

If anything is to be sent back to the PERFORM, its sent back and is accepted there as Changing.

eg: you are passing 2 numbers and teh additions is received back.

regards,

[former_member189631]

Hi,

In short using is used to pass the value to a form/module.

changing is used to pass and get values from/to the form/module.

Regards,

Ram.

[Former Member]

Hi,

<b>in form ... USING p1 ... pn</b> Defines the formal parameters p1 ,... pn which are replaced by actual parameters when you call the subroutine.

The formal parameters p1 ,... pn can have a particular type (see Type assignment ). You can also specify the transfer type (i.e. how you want to pass them).

<b>Changing</b>

The parameters after CHANGING can accept the same specifications as those after USING .

To link the VALUE specification with the change of a parameter value, you can use the addition CHANGING ... . Then, all the formal parameters specified by VALUE(...) are transported back to the actual parameters at the end of the subroutine (i.e. after ENDFORM ). If the subroutine is terminated by a dialog message, none of the parameters referenced by CHANGING VALUE ... changes.

Otherwise, the effect of USING and CHANGING is identical.

Check out the link

http://www.sts.tu-harburg.de/teaching/sap_r3/ABAP4/form.htm

Hope this helps.

Regards,

Richa

[former_member784222]

Hi,

An extract from SAP documentation:

<b>Formal parameters defined for pass by reference with USING should not be changed in the subroutine. In this case, CHANGING can be used instead. The addition CHANGING should be used for the formal parameter whose value is changed in the subroutine.

The sequence of USING and CHANGING is not arbitrary. Specifying USING after CHANGING creates a formal parameter called "USING".

</b>

<b>Pass by reference for USING parameters

For the formal parameters p1 p2 ..., no local data object is created in the subroutine. Instead, when it is called, a reference is passed to the specified actual parameter. A change to the formal parameter in the subroutine also changes the value of the actual parameter.

Pass by reference for CHANGING parameters

The formal parameters p1 p2 ... are handled exactly like those parameters defined for pass by reference using USING.

Pass by value for USING parameters

For each formal parameter p1 p2 ..., a local object with the same data type as the corresponding actual parameter is created in the subroutine and filled with its values. A change to the formal parameter in the subroutine does not change the value of the actual parameter. The actual parameter also retains its original value even after the subroutine has ended.

Pass by value for CHANGING parameters

For each formal parameter p1 p2 ..., a local data object with the same data type as the corresponding actual parameter is created in the subroutine and filled with its values. A change to the formal parameter in the subroutine does not directly change the value of the actual parameter. If the subroutine is ended using ENDFORM, RETURN, CHECK or EXIT however, the content of the formal parameter is assigned to the actual parameter. If the subroutine is ended by a message or an exception, the actual parameter remains unchanged</b>

Thanks and regards,

S. Chandra Mouli.

[Former Member]

Example :

perform form_routine using todays_date changing yesterdays_date

Now in this example the code in form could be

form

if todays_date > yesterdays_date

<logic to change yesterdays date on this condition>

endif.

end form

Here you passed todays_date as an input to the form and based on the processing logic changed yesterdays_date.

Note : todays_date remained unchanged