Step-by-Step Guide to Creating a Logical Database in SAP ABAP

[Naveen_n]

Definition: 

A Logical Database (LDB) in SAP ABAP is a special type of data retrieval tool that provides a structured method to access and read data from related database tables using predefined hierarchies. It allows developers to define a standard way of fetching data without manually writing complex SELECT queries, making reporting and data retrieval more efficient and consistent. 

Introduction: 

Logical Databases play a vital role in traditional ABAP reporting, especially when working with standard reports, selection screens, and data hierarchies. They encapsulate the logic of data selection, allowing ABAP programs to access complex datasets through a simplified interface. 

This blog provides a step-by-step guide to help you create a Logical Database from scratch in SAP ABAP. Whether you're new to SAP or looking to refresh your skills, this guide will walk you through the key components, including structure definition, selection screen setup, database program logic, and how to link it with an ABAP report. By the end, you'll have a fully functional logical database ready for use in custom reporting. 

Open transaction SE36, enter a logical database name, click 'Create', and provide a short description. 

If the node type is a database table, the root node name must match the table name. For dictionary types, this is not required. 

Right-click the root node and select Insert Node. 

Create a new node for the sales header as per your requirement. 

Repeat the previous steps. 

Then save it, click on 'Selection', and confirm by selecting 'Yes'. 

Select the required nodes for dynamic selection and click Transfer. 

Write select option names in the generated code, then save and activate. 

Click the back button, then select 'Source Code' and click 'Yes' 

Double-click on include LDBNXXX. 

Here, we can see the include program for each table. Double-click to uncomment the respective SELECT query. 

This is for KNA1 table. 

This is for VBAK table. 

This is for VBAP table. 

In the report using the Logical Database, include the following statement to print the output 

In the Description tab, you must provide the Logical Database name. 

REPORT ZNA_RP_LDB2. 
NODES: kna1,vbak, vbap. 
GET kna1. 
  FORMAT COLOR 5 ON. 
  WRITE: / 'Customer Information'. 
  WRITE: / kna1-kunnr, kna1-name1, kna1-name2, kna1-land1. 
  FORMAT COLOR OFF. 
  FORMAT COLOR 4 ON. 
  WRITE: / 'Sales order header details Respected to given customer'. 
  FORMAT COLOR OFF. 
GET vbak. 
  WRITE: / Vbak-vbeln, vbak-kunnr. 
  FORMAT COLOR 3 ON. 
WRITE: / 'Sales Order line item details based on customer and sales order'.
  FORMAT COLOR OFF. 
GET vbap. 
  WRITE: / vbap-vbeln, vbap-posnr, vbap-matnr. 

Here we need to pass values. 

Here we get all the respected output. 

Conclusion: 

Creating a Logical Database in SAP ABAP simplifies data retrieval and enhances the efficiency of custom reporting. By following this step-by-step guide, you now have the knowledge to design, implement, and utilize a Logical Database for your own SAP applications. Logical Databases not only streamline data access but also ensure consistency and reduce the complexity of your ABAP programs. With this foundational understanding, you can now take full advantage of this powerful tool to build more efficient and maintainable reports in SAP.