topic Re: Function Module & Tables in Application Development and Automation Discussions

Function Module & Tables

former_member813607 — Tue, 10 Jun 2008 09:19:34 GMT

Hi All,

I would like to understand the concept of "Tables" while calling a function module. can some one brief me the same..

Thanks in Advance, Sudeep..

Re: Function Module & Tables

Former Member — Tue, 10 Jun 2008 09:22:03 GMT

Hi,

IMPORT & EXPORT parameters can process only a single record inside a FM.

If you want to process multiple records inside a FM ( say a FM to calculate SUM of all the quantities ).. then you will pass the 100 records in TABLES which would be stored in internal table in FM & then the calculation of SUM would be done.

Best regards,

Prashant

Re: Function Module & Tables

Former Member — Tue, 10 Jun 2008 09:23:12 GMT

Hi,

There is no big concept behind this. If you are passing data to function module which exists as multiple rows then it is sent through corresponding Tables structure in function module.

For example you are using FM BAPI_PO_CREATE. You will send all the header data through exporting parameters when you call this function module through your program. But item data can be more than one line. Such data can be sent through table parameters of this function module.

Ramesh

Re: Function Module & Tables

Former Member — Tue, 10 Jun 2008 09:23:34 GMT

Hi,

When you pass parameters to a function module, it happens that there are many line items. Say for Ex: for a particular Purchase or sales order. There is a header line and many line items. So in this case, you pass all these line items in tables, so that against the header all the line items could be updated.

Thanks

Nayan

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Re: Function Module & Tables

Former Member — Tue, 10 Jun 2008 09:24:24 GMT

just like you pass importing and exporting parameters to function modules, you can pass internal tables as well.....this is done through the tables parameters.

Note that the internal table body is passed to the FM, and not the header line. so in case you want to have a header line (work area) for this internal table in the function module then you will either have to pass it separately (as an importing parameter) or you will have to explicitly declare a work area in the function module itself.

Re: Function Module & Tables

Former Member — Tue, 10 Jun 2008 09:29:42 GMT

Function Modules;

Check this matter.

Function Modules are Global ABAP programs created by SAP for reusable purpose.they have IMPORT,EXPORT and TABLE parameters, and EXCEPTIONS to through when error occurs.

You can create them from TCode SE37.

Go through the following doc:

Function modules are cross-program, reusable procedures that are organized into function groups, and whose functions are implemented between the statements FUNCTION and ENDFUNCTION. Function modules and their interfaces are created in the Function Builder.

Function Module Interfaces

The parameter interface of a function module is defined in the Function Builder. It includes the definition of interface parameters and the specification of exceptions that can be triggered by a function module. The Function Builder automatically generates comment lines below the FUNCTION statement in the source code of the function module, which represent the interface of the function module with the following syntax:

Syntax

... IMPORTING parameters

EXPORTING parameters

CHANGING parameters

TABLES table_parameters

{RAISING

The syntax and semantics of IMPORTING, EXPORTING, CHANGING, RAISING, and EXCEPTIONS mainly correspond to the definition of method interfaces with CLASS-METHODS. The additional option of defining table parameters using TABLES is obsolete.

Interface parameters

The interface parameters are defined on the relevant tab pages in the Function Builder.

IMPORTING parameters are input parameters. When the function module is called, a suitable actual parameter must be specified for every non-optional input parameter. The content of the actual parameter is passed to the input parameter when the call is made. The content of an input parameter for which 'pass by reference' is defined cannot be changed in the function module.

EXPORTING parameters are output parameters. When the function module is called, a suitable actual parameter can be specified for every output parameter. The content of an output parameter that is defined for 'pass by value' is transferred to the actual parameter if the function module is completed without errors. An output parameter that is defined for pass by reference is not initialized when the function module is called.

CHANGING parameters are input and output parameters. When the function module is called, a suitable actual parameter must be specified for every non-optional input or output parameter. When the function module is called, the content of the actual parameter is passed to the input/output parameter, and when the function module is completed, the content of the input/output parameter is passed to the actual parameter.

TABLES parameters are table parameters. Table parameters are obsolete CHANGING parameters that are typed as standard tables with a header line. If an internal table without a header line or a table body is passed as an actual parameter to a formal parameter of this type, an empty local header line is generated in the function module. If an internal table with a header line is used as an actual parameter, both the table body and the header line are passed to the function module. Pass by value is not possible in formal parameters defined using TABLES. Formal parameters defined with TABLES can be replaced by formal parameters defined with CHANGING. A local work area can be created for the internal table in the function module by using the addition LIKE LINE OF itab of the DATA statement. Exceptions

The exception of a function module are defined on the Exceptions tab page in the Function Builder. Here you can select exception classes to define whether class-based exceptions are declared or non-class-based exception are defined. Class-based exceptions are represented in the above syntax by RAISING, and non-class-based exceptions are represented by EXCEPTIONS.

The addition RAISING is used to declare class-based exceptions that can be propagated from the function module to the caller. Exceptions in the categories CX_STATIC_CHECK and CX_DYNAMIC_CHECK must be explicitly declared, otherwise a propagation can lead to an interface violation. A violation of the interface leads to the treatable exception CX_SY_NO_HANDLER. Exceptions of the category CX_NO_CHECK are implicitly always declared. The declaration of exceptions of the category CX_STATIC_CHECK is statically checked in the syntax check. For exceptions of the category CX_DYNAMIC_CHECK, the check is not performed until runtime. In a function module in which class-based exceptions are declared with the RAISING addition, the statement CATCH SYSTEM-EXCEPTIONS cannot be used. Instead, the relevant treatable exceptions should be handled in a TRY control structure.

The addition EXCEPTIONS is used to define a list of non-class-based exceptions that can be triggered in the function module using the statements RAISE or MESSAGE RAISING. Exceptions defined in this way - as with formal parameters - are bound to the function module and cannot be propagated. If an exception of this type is triggered in a function module, and no return value has been assigned to it with the homonymous addition EXCEPTIONS of the CALL FUNCTION statement when the call was made, this leads to a runtime error.

Note

For new developments after release 6.10, SAP recommends that you work with class-based exceptions that are independent of the function module.

RFC is a technology which is used to access a functions (Modules) from

the remote systems.

If a function module is set as remote enabled which can be access from

the remote system via RFC.Eg: U can access the Remote enabled function modules in ur VB,Webdynpro,Java,Visual composer program.

A function module can be set as remote enabled by SE37->Go to ur FM->click the option Button "remote enabled".

But Normal function modules can not accessd from the remote system.

Good Example for RFC enabled function module is : BAPI(Business Application Programming Interface)

Note: All BAPIs are Remote enabled but not all remote enabled function modules are BAPI.

CALLING A FUNCTION MODULE:

1)In U ABAP Editor --> Click "Patter" ---> Selection Option Button "Call Function"

--> Write the Corresponding FM name --> Hit Enter

2)The appropriate import ,export Parameters will be displayed in ur editor

3)Pass the Values Here.

Also check these links.

http://www.geocities.com/victorav15/sapr3/abapfun.html

Check this link:

http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2004/helpdata/en/9f/db988735c111d1829f0000e829fbfe/content.htm

http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw2004s/helpdata/en/ef/d94b78ebf811d295b100a0c94260a5/frameset.htm

http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw2004s/helpdata/en/43/41341147041806e10000000a1553f6/frameset.htm

Check this link:

http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2004/helpdata/en/9f/db988735c111d1829f0000e829fbfe/content.htm

http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw2004s/helpdata/en/ef/d94b78ebf811d295b100a0c94260a5/frameset.htm

http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw2004s/helpdata/en/43/41341147041806e10000000a1553f6/frameset.htm

See the following links:

http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2005vp/helpdata/en/9f/db970e35c111d1829f0000e829fbfe/frameset.htm

http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/26/64f623fa8911d386e70000e82011b8/content.htm

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Regards

Re: Function Module & Tables

former_member813607 — Tue, 10 Jun 2008 09:40:39 GMT

ohkk, I understood that internal tables can be passed to the FM via the "Tables" option but when i am calling a BAPI, I could see that a table ( return ) of messages is returned via the same tables option !, is it specifically for BAPIs ?..

Thanks, Sudeep..

Re: Function Module & Tables

Former Member — Tue, 10 Jun 2008 09:44:40 GMT

BAPIs use a standard defined structure to return tables. However it is not restricted just to BAPI's. You can use it in your own FMs too.....tables can act both as importing and exporting parameters....meaning you can pass a filled-up table and pass it to a FM and use it inside it....or you can pass a blank table and fill it up inside the FM and then the calling application can use that table...

Re: Function Module & Tables

former_member813607 — Tue, 10 Jun 2008 09:48:49 GMT

cool, its clear now..

Thanks prayank, points awarded..

Re: Function Module & Tables

former_member813607 — Fri, 26 Sep 2008 11:51:44 GMT

thanks