topic Re: Keywords in Application Development and Automation Discussions

Keywords

Former Member — Wed, 21 Jun 2006 11:16:31 GMT

hi All,

Can anyone tell me the use of At new , At First, At Last, At END of. Also tell the differnce between At new and At first with example.

Points will be rewarded.

Regards

Harpreet

Re: Keywords

Former Member — Wed, 21 Jun 2006 11:24:24 GMT

Hi,

You could have found lot of threads on this topic... if you had searched the form before posting this question.

Anyway... check the following...

Control level processing

Control level processing is allowed within a LOOP over an internal table. This means that you can divide sequences of entries into groups based on the contents of certain fields.

Internal tables are divided into groups according to the sequence of the fields in the line structure. The first column defines the highest control level and so on. The control level hierarchy must be known when you create the internal table.

The control levels are formed by sorting the internal table in the sequence of its structure, that is, by the first field first, then by the second field, and so on. Tables in which the table key occurs at the start of the table are particularly suitable for control level processing.

The following diagram illustrates control level processing in a sorted table, where different field contents in the first three fields are indicated by different colors:

Each change of color in a column indicates a control level change in the corresponding hierarchy level. Within the processing block of a loop, you can use the control level statement AT to react to a control level change. This enables you to restrict statements to a certain set of lines. You can thus use the SUMstatement to calculate totals from subsets of all lines.

The AT statement introduces a statement block that you end with the ENDAT statement.

AT level.

statement block

ENDAT.

You can react to the following control level changes:

level

Meaning

FIRST

First line of the internal table

LAST

Last line of the internal table

NEW f

Beginning of a group of lines with the same contents in the field f and in the fields left of f

END Of f

End of a group of lines with the same contents in the field f and in the fields left of f

You can use control level statements to react to control breaks in internal tables instead of programming them yourself with logical expressions. Within the loop, you must order the AT-ENDATstatement blocks according to the hierarchy of the control levels. If the internal table itab has the columns f1, f2,.... and if it is sorted by these columns, you must program the loop as follows:

LOOP AT itab.

AT FIRST.... ENDAT.

AT NEW f1....... ENDAT.

AT NEW f2....... ENDAT.

.......

single record processing

.......

AT END OF f2.... ENDAT.

AT END OF f1.... ENDAT.

AT LAST..... ENDAT.

ENDLOOP.

The innermost hierarchy level single line processing processes the table lines that do not correspond to a control level change. You do not have to use all control level statements. But you must place the ones that you use in the above sequence. You should not use control level statements in loops where the line selection is restricted by WHERE or FROM and TO. Neither should the table be modified during the loop.

If a control level field f1, f2,.... is not known until runtime, you can specify it dynamically as (n1), (n2), … where n1, n2,.... contains the field of f1, f2,.... . If n1, n2,.... is empty at runtime, the criterion for changing the control level is ignored. You can further restrict the group level fields f1, f2,.... to partial fields by specifying offset and length.

If you are working with a work area wa, it does not contain the current line in the AT-ENDATstatement block. All character fields to the right of the current group key are filled with asterisks (*). All other fields to the right of the current group key contain their initial value.

Within an AT-ENDAT block, you can calculate the contents of the numeric fields of the corresponding control level using the SUMstatement.

You can only use this statement within a LOOP. If you use SUM in an AT-ENDAT block, the system calculates totals for the numeric fields of all lines in the current line group and writes them to the corresponding fields in the work area (see example in ). If you use the SUM statement outside an AT-ENDAT block (single entry processing), the system calculates totals for the numeric fields of all lines of the internal table in each loop pass and writes them to the corresponding fields of the work area. It therefore only makes sense to use the SUM statement in AT-ENDAT blocks.

If the table contains a nested table, you cannot use the SUMstatement. Neither can you use it if you are using a field symbol instead of a work area in the LOOP statement.

REPORT demo_int_tables_at_1.

DATA: BEGIN OF line,

col1(1) TYPE c,

col2 TYPE i,

col3 TYPE i,

END OF line.

DATA itab LIKE HASHED TABLE OF line

WITH UNIQUE KEY col1 col2.

line-col1 = 'A'.

DO 3 TIMES.

line-col2 = sy-index.

line-col3 = sy-index ** 2.

INSERT line INTO TABLE itab.

ENDDO.

line-col1 = 'B'.

DO 3 TIMES.

line-col2 = 2 * sy-index.

line-col3 = ( 2 * sy-index ) ** 2.

INSERT line INTO TABLE itab.

ENDDO.

SORT itab.

LOOP AT itab INTO line.

WRITE: / line-col1, line-col2, line-col3.

AT END OF col1.

SUM.

ULINE.

WRITE: / line-col1, line-col2, line-col3.

SKIP.

ENDAT.

AT LAST.

SUM.

ULINE.

WRITE: / line-col1, line-col2, line-col3.

ENDAT.

ENDLOOP.

The list output is:

A 1 1

A 2 4

A 3 9

________________________________

A 6 14

B 2 4

B 4 16

B 6 36

________________________________

B 12 56

________________________________

18 70

The program creates a hashed table itab, fills it with six lines, and sorts it. In the LOOP - ENDLOOP block, the work area LINE is output for each loop pass. The first field of the table key, col1, is used for control level processing. The total for all numeric fields is always calculated when the contents of col1 change and when the system is in the last loop pass.

REPORT demo_int_tables_at_2.

DATA: BEGIN OF line,

carrid TYPE sbook-carrid,

connid TYPE sbook-connid,

fldate TYPE sbook-fldate,

custtype TYPE sbook-custtype,

class TYPE sbook-class,

bookid TYPE sbook-bookid,

END OF line.

DATA itab LIKE SORTED TABLE OF line WITH UNIQUE KEY table_line.

SELECT carrid connid fldate custtype class bookid

FROM sbook INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF TABLE itab.

LOOP AT itab INTO line.

AT FIRST.

WRITE / 'List of Bookings'.

ULINE.

ENDAT.

AT NEW carrid.

WRITE: / 'Carrid:', line-carrid.

ENDAT.

AT NEW connid.

WRITE: / 'Connid:', line-connid.

ENDAT.

AT NEW fldate.

WRITE: / 'Fldate:', line-fldate.

ENDAT.

AT NEW custtype.

WRITE: / 'Custtype:', line-custtype.

ENDAT.

WRITE: / line-bookid, line-class.

AT END OF class.

ULINE.

ENDAT.

ENDLOOP.

In this example, the sorted internal table itab is filled with data from the database table SBOOK using the Open SQL statement SELECT. The sequence of the columns in the internal table defines the control level hierarchy. Since the table key is the entire line, the sort sequence and the control level hierarchy are the same. The sequence of the AT-ENDAT blocks within the LOOP - ENDLOOP statements is important.

The output looks something like this:

List of Bookings

Carrid: AA

Connid: 0017

Fldate: 1998/11/22

Custtype: B

00063509 C

00063517 C

...

______________________________________________

00063532 F

00063535 F

...

______________________________________________

Custtype: P

00063653 C

00063654 C

...

______________________________________________

00063668 F

00063670 F

...

______________________________________________

Fldate: 1998/29/11

Custtype: B

00064120 C

00064121 C

...

and so on.

Refer: http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2005/helpdata/en/fc/eb3000358411d1829f0000e829fbfe/frameset.htm

Thanks and Regards,

Bharat Kumar Reddy.V

Message was edited by: Bharat Kumar Reddy Vaka

Re: Keywords

Laxmana_Appana_ — Wed, 21 Jun 2006 11:24:48 GMT

Hi,

Check this.

http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/9f/db9f1f35c111d1829f0000e829fbfe/frameset.htm

Laxman

Re: Keywords

Former Member — Wed, 21 Jun 2006 11:25:01 GMT

check the following Documents

1. AT NEW f.

2. AT END OF f.

3. AT FIRST.

4. AT LAST.

5. AT fg.

Effect

In a LOOP which processes a dataset created with EXTRACT , you can use special control structures for control break processing. All these structures begin with AT and end with ENDAT . The sequence of statements which lies between them is then executed if a control break occurs.

You can use these key words for control break processing with extract datasets only if the active LOOP statement is proceesing an extract dataset.

The control level structure with extract datasets is dynamic. It corresponds exactly to the sort key of the extract dataset, i.e. to the order of fields in the field group HEADER by which the extract dataset was sorted .

At the end of a control group ( AT END OF , AT LAST ), there are two types of control level information between AT and ENDAT :

If the sort key of the extract dataset contains a non-numeric field h (particularly in the field group HEADER ), the field CNT(h) contains the number of control breaks in the (subordinate) control level h .

For extracted number fields g (see also ABAP/4 number types ), the fields SUM(g) contain the relevant control totals.

Notes

The fields CNT(h) and SUM(g) can only be addressed after they have been sorted. Otherwise, a runtime error may occur.

The fields CNT(h) and SUM(g) are filled with the relevant values for a control level at the end of each control group ( AT END OF , AT LAST ), not at the beginning ( AT FIRST , AT NEW ).

When calculating totals with SUM(g) , the system automatically chooses the maximum field sizes so that an overflow occurs only if the absolute value area limits are exceeded.

You can also use special control break control structures with LOOP s on internal tables.

Variant 1

AT NEW f.

Variant 2

AT END OF f.

Effect

f is a field from the field group HEADER . The enclosed sequence of statements is executed if

the field f occurs in the sort key of the extract dataset (and thus also in the field group HEADER ) and

the field f or a superior sort criterion has a different value in the current LOOP line than in the prceding ( AT NEW ) or subsequent ( AT END OF ) record of the extract dataset.

Example

DATA: NAME(30),

SALES TYPE I.

FIELD-GROUPS: HEADER, INFOS.

INSERT: NAME INTO HEADER,

SALES INTO INFOS.

...

LOOP.

AT NEW NAME.

NEW-PAGE.

ENDAT.

...

AT END OF NAME.

WRITE: / NAME, SUM(SALES).

ENDAT.

ENDLOOP.

Notes

If the extract dataset is not sorted before processing with LOOP , no control level structure is defined and the statements following AT NEW or AT END OF are not executed.

Fields which stand at hex zero are ignored by the control break check with AT NEW or AT END OF . This corresponds to the behavior of the SORT statement, which always places unoccupied fields (i.e. fields which stand at hex zero) before all occupied fields when sorting extract datasets, regardless of whether the sort sequence is in ascending or descending order.

Variant 3

AT FIRST.

Variant 4

AT LAST.

Effect

Executes the relevant series of statements just once - either on the first loop pass (with AT FIRST ) or on the last loop pass (with AT LAST ).

Variant 5

AT fg.

Addition

... WITH fg1

Effect

This statement makes single record processing dependent on the type of extracted record.

The sequence of statements following AT fg are executed whenever the current LOOP record is created with EXTRACT fg (in other words: when the current record is a fg record).

Addition

... WITH fg1

Effect

Executes the sequence of statements belonging to AT fg WITH fg1 only if the record of the field group fg in the dataset is immediately followed by a record of the field group fg1 .

Basic form

ON CHANGE OF f.

Addition

... OR f1

Effect

Executes the processing block enclosed by the " ON CHANGE OF f " and " ENDON " statements whenever the contents of the field f change (control break processing).

Normally, you use the statement to manipulate database fields during GET events or SELECT / ENDSELECT processing.

Note

There are special control structures for processing control breaks in LOOP s on internal tables or extract datasets AT ).

ON CHANGE OF is unsuitable for recognizing control levels in loops of this type because it always creates a global auxiliary field which is used to check for changes. This global auxiliary field can only be changed in the relevant ON CHANGE OF statement. It is not reset when the processing goes into loops or subroutines, so unwanted effects can occur if the loop or subroutine is executed again. Also, since it is set to its initial value when created (like any other field), any ON CHANGE OF processing will be executed after the first test, unless the contents of the field concerned happen to be identical to the initial value.

Example

TABLES T100.

SELECT * FROM T100 WHERE SPRSL = SY-LANGU AND

MSGNR < '010'

ORDER BY PRIMARY KEY.

ON CHANGE OF T100-ARBGB.

ULINE.

WRITE: / '**', T100-ARBGB, '**'.

ENDON.

WRITE: / T100-MSGNR, T100-TEXT.

ENDSELECT.

Displays all messages with their numbers in the logon language, provided the number is less than '010'.

Each time the message class changes, it is output.

Addition

... OR f1

Effect

Also executes the code whenever the contents of the field f1 changes.

You can use this addition several times.

Example

Logical database F1S

TABLES: SPFLI, SFLIGHT, SBOOK.

GET SBOOK.

ON CHANGE OF SPFLI-CARRID OR

SPFLI-CONNID OR

SFLIGHT-FLDATE.

ULINE.

WRITE: /5 SPFLI-CARRID, SPFLI-CONNID,

5 SFLIGHT-FLDATE, SPFLI-FLTIME,

5 SFLIGHT-SEATSMAX, SFLIGHT-SEATSOCC.

ENDON.

WRITE: / SBOOK-CUSTOMID.

The code between ON CHANGE OF and ENDON is executed only if at least one of the fields SPFLI-CARRID , SPFLI-CONNID or SFLIGHT-FLDATE has changed, i.e. there is a different flight connection (which also has bookings).

You can search for "Differnce between AT NEW AND ON CHANGE OF " for further reference

Re: Keywords

Former Member — Wed, 21 Jun 2006 11:25:15 GMT

When you are looping at a sorted table, there events can be used at specific places.

AT FIRST / AT LAST will be fired at the starting and ending of the loop.

AT NEW / AT END fire on specific columns. When you have column which changes the values, whenever there is a change in the value, the event fires. Similary when the value end AT END fires.

I guess that answers the difference between AT FIRST and AT NEW as well.

Regards,

Ravi

Re: Keywords

Former Member — Wed, 21 Jun 2006 11:28:14 GMT

Hi Harpreet,

AT NEW, AT FIRST, AT LAST and AT END OF are control commands.

Before performing any operations on control command you need to SORT the internal table.

AT NEW will trigger for every new value of that field changes, where as AT FIRST will trigger for the first time on that field and later it wont trigger even the value changes of that field.

AT LAST will trigger for last value of that field.

Generally you specify SUM over here to get totals and subtotals.

AT END OF will trigger at the end of that field changes.

For more about control commands,just follow the link

http://www.sts.tu-harburg.de/teaching/sap_r3/ABAP4/at_extra.htm;

Thanks,

Vinay

Re: Keywords

Former Member — Wed, 21 Jun 2006 11:48:23 GMT

Hi,

At first-> Will be fired only once at start of loop.

At last -> Last record this event is fired used

for printing grand total.

At new -> At new empno this event is fired

At end -> At end of empno event is fired. Used

to print subtotal.

foe example

Empno sal

1 2000

1 3000

2 7000

sort itab by empno

loop at itab.

At first.

Write: 'Report'.

endat.

at new empno.

write:'Empno,itab-empno .

endat.

at end of empno.

sum.

write:/'Empno Total:',itab-sal.

//Output we get values

1 5000

2 7000

endat.

at last.

sum.

write:/ 'Grand total:',itab-sal.

//Output here

grand total:12000

endat.

endloop.

Regards,

Amole

Re: Keywords

Former Member — Wed, 21 Jun 2006 12:21:47 GMT

Hai Harpreet Singh

go through the following Link

http://www.sts.tu-harburg.de/teaching/sap_r3/ABAP4/at_extra.htm

AT - Control break with extracts

Variants

1. AT NEW f.

2. AT END OF f.

3. AT FIRST.

4. AT LAST.

5. AT fg.

Effect

You can use these key words for control break processing with extract datasets only if the active LOOP statement is proceesing an extract dataset.

At the end of a control group ( AT END OF , AT LAST ), there are two types of control level information between AT and ENDAT :

For extracted number fields g (see also ABAP/4 number types ), the fields SUM(g) contain the relevant control totals.

Notes

The fields CNT(h) and SUM(g) can only be addressed after they have been sorted. Otherwise, a runtime error may occur.

The fields CNT(h) and SUM(g) are filled with the relevant values for a control level at the end of each control group ( AT END OF , AT LAST ), not at the beginning ( AT FIRST , AT NEW ).

When calculating totals with SUM(g) , the system automatically chooses the maximum field sizes so that an overflow occurs only if the absolute value area limits are exceeded.

You can also use special control break control structures with LOOP s on internal tables.

Variant 1

AT NEW f.

Variant 2

AT END OF f.

Effect

f is a field from the field group HEADER . The enclosed sequence of statements is executed if

the field f occurs in the sort key of the extract dataset (and thus also in the field group HEADER ) and

the field f or a superior sort criterion has a different value in the current LOOP line than in the prceding ( AT NEW ) or subsequent ( AT END OF ) record of the extract dataset.

Example

DATA: NAME(30),

SALES TYPE I.

FIELD-GROUPS: HEADER, INFOS.

INSERT: NAME INTO HEADER,

SALES INTO INFOS.

...

LOOP.

AT NEW NAME.

NEW-PAGE.

ENDAT.

...

AT END OF NAME.

WRITE: / NAME, SUM(SALES).

ENDAT.

ENDLOOP.

Notes

If the extract dataset is not sorted before processing with LOOP , no control level structure is defined and the statements following AT NEW or AT END OF are not executed.

Variant 3

AT FIRST.

Variant 4

AT LAST.

Effect

Executes the relevant series of statements just once - either on the first loop pass (with AT FIRST ) or on the last loop pass (with AT LAST ).

Variant 5

AT fg.

Addition

... WITH fg1

Effect

This statement makes single record processing dependent on the type of extracted record.

The sequence of statements following AT fg are executed whenever the current LOOP record is created with EXTRACT fg (in other words: when the current record is a fg record).

Addition

... WITH fg1

Effect

Executes the sequence of statements belonging to AT fg WITH fg1 only if the record of the field group fg in the dataset is immediately followed by a record of the field group fg1 .

Thanks & regards

Sreenivasulu P